Social and economic changes in the Ottoman empire had been worked within four social areas. The transformation in culture is different from that of the West and must be observed as functioning at various levels based on external and internal inducement.
The Ottoman Empire confronted severe social displacement, according to Hasan Kafi Bosnevi, by the end of the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth century (Karpat, 2002), which the writer had written in his book 'Usul al-hikem fi nizam al-alem' (The Principle of Good Government) and later by Koci Bey in his book 'Risale' in 1630 (Karpat, 2002). It is essential to understand and recognize the facts of the Middle East and the Balkans societies and their economic, cultural, and social construction in the Ottoman age, which had been transformed through the effect of the internal powers before the consequences of enormous European powers. Therefore, historical, and social changes in the Ottoman Empire and their consequences on the character of the developing federal states in the areas have been interpreted with critique and national biases. Furthermore, Middle Eastern and Balkan history in the nineteenth century has been considered and explained from the doctrine of the national lookouts. The studies on the modernization of the Middle East have dealt with the character and concentrate on outside inducements, such as influence from Europe, less than the influences within the Middle Eastern society. The study of the Ottoman state of the eighteenth century throughout the nineteenth century focuses on a more comprehensive logical outline than before by concentrating on the socio-political transformational history of the Middle East, the Balkans, and even North Africa, that was the part of the Ottoman State once upon a time.
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